######All saved in SI units############################### import numpy as np #constants c = 299792458. kB = 1.3806504e-23 h = 6.62606957e-34 hbar = h /(2.0*np.pi) G = 6.67428e-11 #angles radian = 1.0 degree = np.pi/180. arcmin = degree/60. arcsec = arcmin/60. #mass PlanckMass = np.sqrt(hbar*c/G) ReducedPlanckMass = PlanckMass/np.sqrt(8*np.pi) #length PlanckLength = np.sqrt(G*hbar/c**3) pc = 3.08568025e16 kpc = 1.e3*pc Mpc = 1.e6*pc Gpc = 1.e9*pc #time PlanckTime = PlanckLength/c #np.sqrt(G*hbar/c)/c**2 day = 3600.*24. year = day*365.2425 kyr = 1.e3*year Myr = 1.e6*year Gyr = 1.e9*year #energy PlanckEnergy = PlanckMass*c**2 #np.sqrt(hbar*c/G)*c**2 eV = 1.60217648740e-19 keV = 1.e3 * eV MeV = 1.e6 * eV GeV = 1.e9 * eV #temprature PlanckTemperature = PlanckEnergy/kB #np.sqrt(hbar*c/G)*c**2/k_B #Atomic constants AtomicMassUnit = 1.66053878283e-27 ElectronMass = AtomicMassUnit/1822.8884845 ProtonMass = 1.00727646681290 * AtomicMassUnit NeutronMass = 1.0086649160043 * AtomicMassUnit HydrogenBindingEnergy = 13.605698 * eV HydrogenMass = ElectronMass + ProtonMass - HydrogenBindingEnergy/c**2 HeliumMass = 3.9715*HydrogenMass #Astronomical constants LightYear = c*year SunMass = 1.98892e30 EarthMass = 5.97219e24 H0Unit = 1.e3/Mpc #km/s/Mpc ################################################# print("PlanckTime = ", PlanckTime) print("PlanckLength = ", PlanckLength) print("PlanckMass = ", PlanckMass) print("PlanckEnergy = ", PlanckEnergy) print("PlanckTemperature = ", PlanckTemperature) ##=========User block, write your code here ======== print(r'Mpc^{-1} = ', (PlanckLength/Mpc)/(eV/PlanckEnergy), ' eV') H0 = 70 * H0Unit * PlanckTime ##in Planck units TCMB = 2.73/PlanckTemperature ## in Planck units rho_gamma = (np.pi**2/15)*TCMB**4 ##in Planck units print(r'Omega_gamma = ', (8 * np.pi * rho_gamma)/(3.0*H0**2)) #===============End ================================